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- *******************************
- * NifH/frxC family signatures *
- *******************************
-
- Nitrogenase (EC 1.18.6.1) [1] is the enzyme system responsible for biological
- nitrogen fixation. Nitrogenase is an oligomeric complex which consists of two
- components: component 1 which contains the active site for the reduction of
- nitrogen to ammonia and component 2 (also called the iron protein).
-
- Component 2 is a homodimer of a protein (gene nifH) which binds a single 4Fe-
- 4S iron sulfur cluster [2]. In the nitrogen fixation process nifH is first
- reduced by a protein such as ferredoxin; the reduced protein then transfers
- electrons to component 1 with the concomitant consumption of ATP.
-
- A number of proteins are known to be evolutionary related to nifH. These
- proteins are:
-
- - Chloroplast encoded frxC (or chlL) protein [3]. FrxC is encoded on the
- chloroplast genome of some plant species, its exact function is not known,
- but it could act as an electron carrier in the conversion of
- protochlorophyllide to chlorophyllide.
- - Rhodobacter capsulatus proteins bchL and bchX [4]. These proteins are
- also likely to play a role in chlorophyll synthesis.
-
- There are a number of conserved regions in the sequence of these proteins: in
- the N-terminal section there is an ATP-binding site motif 'A' (P-loop) and in
- the central section there are two conserved cysteines which have been shown,
- in nifH, to be the ligands of the 4Fe-4S cluster. We have developed two
- signatures patterns that correspond to the regions around these cysteines.
-
- -Consensus pattern: E-x-G-G-P-x(2)-G-x-G-C-[AG]-G
- [C binds the iron-sulfur center]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Consensus pattern: D-x-L-G-D-V-V-C-G-G-F-[AG]-x-P
- [C binds the iron-sulfur center]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Last update: October 1993 / Text revised.
-
- [ 1] Pau R.N.
- Trends Biochem. Sci. 14:183-186(1989).
- [ 2] Georgiadis M.M., Komiya H., Chakrabarti P., Woo D., Kornuc J.J.,
- Rees D.C.
- Science 257:1653-1659(1992).
- [ 3] Fujita Y., Takahashi Y., Kohchi T., Ozeki H., Ohyama K., Matsubara H.
- Plant Mol. Biol. 13:551-561(1989).
- [ 4] Burke D.H., Alberti M., Armstrong G.A., Hearst J.E.
- EMBL/GenBank: Z11165.
-